ABSTRACT
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shifts the characteristics of municipal waste. This paper aims to provide an overview of trends, impacts, and management during the COVID-19 pandemic globally. The increase in the generation of plastic waste and infectious waste is a new challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was found that the emergence of plastic waste due to the consumption of food delivery becomes an issue in several countries. Despite the increment of plastic waste generation, the mass layoffs contributed to the decrease in the total urban waste generation in general. In addition to plastic waste, a surge of infectious waste from health facilities and household waste originating from residents infected with the SARS-COV-2 virus was observed. This infectious wastewater potentially leads to environmental disturbances to the rivers and oceans. To tackle global environmental concerns, sustainable waste management is required especially in the development of biodegradable personal protective equipment. © 2022, Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Marine debris, a global environmental issue today, is a major threat to Bali seas which are famous for its natural beauty and aggravated by the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of marine debris in Bali Island, especially in the southern region and to analyze the feasibility of incineration as one of the waste treatment processes. This research was conducted by utilizing secondary data and literature reviews from related previous studies. Water content and caloric value were measured directly using the ASTM E 790-15 and ASTM D 5865-11a standards. Marine debris generation from 2013 to 2019 tends to decrease from 1.22 kg/km.day to 0.46 kg/km.day. Organic waste (59.4%) comprised the largest marine debris followed by plastic waste (13.4%) and diapers (11.9%). Thermal technology such as incineration can be introduced to treat marine debris. The standard application of incinerator technology is moisture content and caloric value. The water content of marine debris is reportedly 54.56%, therefore, further preliminary processing is needed, especially for waste with high moisture content, such as diapers and organic waste. The potential calorific value of marine debris during the COVID-19 pandemic obtained from calculating the total waste was 12.05 MJ/kg which still did not meet the incinerator application’s standard criteria. © 2021 Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga.